大数据不等于科学规律( 四 )

希腊天文学家采用的第二种方法是将天体视为具有物理性质的真实物体。这种方法的一个代表性成就是:公元前3世纪时,阿里斯塔克(Aristarchus)首次测算出了日地距离与地月距离的比值。阿里斯塔克假设月光来自反射的太阳光,当半个月亮和太阳同时出现在天空的时候,他利用简单的三角原理计算出了两者距离的比值。

The second method used by Greek astronomers was to consider astronomical bodies as real objects with physical properties. Perhaps the high point of this e?ort was the brilliant determination by Aristarchus, in the 3rd century B.C., of the ratio of the distances from the Earth to the sun and the moon. Assuming that the moon shines by re?ected sunlight, and measuring the angle between the sun and the half-moon when both are visible in the sky, he calculated the ratio using simple trigonometry.

然而在数个世纪里,上述两种天文学方法——一个是数学的,一个是物理的——一直没能很好地结合起来。这是因为已有的“大数据”,即太阳、月亮和恒星那些容易观测到的运行模式,只不过是深层规律呈现出来的隐晦表象。

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