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英语学习资料：2015年6月大学英语六级作文范文


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This article is about the USAF-USN battle doctrine. For the video game, see Air-Sea Battle.
AirSea Battle was an integrated battle doctrine that formed a key component of the military strategy of the United States. The doctrine became official in February 2010, and was renamed to Joint Concept for Access and Maneuver in the Global Commons (JAM-GC) in 2015.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 History
3 Coordination
4 Criticisms
5 References
6 External links
Background[edit]
Inspired by the AirLand Battle concept, the United States Navy and Air Force are working on a new AirSea Battle doctrine.[2] A version was codified in a 2009 Navy-Air Force classified memo which addressed "asymmetrical threats" in the Western Pacific and the Persian Gulf, which are seen as meaning China and Iran. The Pentagon has created a China Integration Team composed of U.S. Navy officers to apply AirSea Battle lessons to a potential conflict with China. In 2010 the Obama Administration declared that freedom of maritime navigation in the South China Sea, whose islands are claimed variously by China, Vietnam, Brunei, Taiwan, Malaysia and the Philippines, is a U.S. national interest. The comment was seen as a response to a Chinese official stating the region was a "core interest" of Chinese sovereignty.[3]
AirSea Battle officially became part of U.S. grand strategy, when, in February 2010, the U.S. Department of Defense's Quadrennial Defense Review stated: "The Air Force and Navy together are developing a new joint air-sea battle concept for defeating adversaries across the range of military operations, including adversaries equipped with sophisticated anti-access and area denial capabilities. The concept will address how air and naval forces will integrate capabilities across all operational domains—air, sea, land, space, and cyberspace—to counter growing challenges to U.S. freedom of action. As it matures, the concept will also help guide the development of future capabilities needed for effective power projection operations."[4]
The conceptual background of AirSea Battle also stems from the "Revolution in Military Affairs" theory. Proponents of the theory have sought to direct American battle planning with new technological abilities in mind, such precision-guided munitions and improvements in communication and ISTAR.[5]
History[edit]
The Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, led by 91-year-old Andrew Marshall, has played a leading role in designing U.S. strategy in the Pacific. Marshall's office works closely with the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) led by Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Krepinevich, whose outfit helped coin the phrase AirSea Battle.[6]
CSBA is a think tank engaging in AirSea Battle research and the leading advocate of the AirSea Battle concept. In April 2010 the CSBA released the report, "AirSea Battle: A Point-of-Departure Operational Concept," outlining the U.S. military's growing operational difficulties in the Western Pacific Theater of Operations (WPTO). The report argues for the United States to diversify its military strategy away from "the demands of modern irregular warfare" and fielding forces designed for "security threats that are fading into history" to one that highlights the Chinese People's Liberation Army's (PLA) quick ability to field anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) technologies.[7] The authors are quick to point out that they are not suggesting the United States seeks a confrontation or a war with China, but rather "offsetting the PLA's unprovoked and unwarranted military buildup."[8]
Michael E. O'Hanlon of the Brookings Institution believes the phrase "AirSea Battle" is politically contentious and should be renamed to "AirSea Operations," which he thinks better reflects the doctrine. "It may seem curious to worry about semantics and political correctness when talking about military systems or plans for war. But in Asia, semantics count a great dealon a recent trip there, I heard lots of complaints about America's perceived efforts to contain China with frequent reference to…AirSea Battle doctrine."[9] O'Hanlon is a strong supporter of the doctrine but thinks a change in semantics, along with more dialogue and transparency will mitigate the security dilemma between the United States and China. O'Hanlon and James Steinberg argue that "policymakers must put this military doctrine into perspective and not let it become a prescription for unfettered rivalry."[10]
The 2014 Exercise Valiant Shield tested Air-Sea concepts.[11]
Coordination[edit]
The Pentagon's new Air-Sea Strategy Office will focus on anti-anti-access/area denial concepts.[12] The House Armed Service Committee has questioned if this office was duplicate of other Pentagon bureaucracy.[13]
Kenneth McKenzie defines the USMC role in Air-Sea battle as an airborne assault force that operates from ships to seize bases.[14]
The USAF is responding to the threats against their foreign bases with the Pacific Airpower Resiliency Initiative.[15][16][17] In 2014 Seventh Air Force commanderJan-Marc Jouas stated that ASB would be the new warfighting doctrine for Korea.[18]
Criticisms[edit]
Amitai Etzioni of the Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies has been a vocal opponent of the doctrine, the development of which he holds to be a form of preparing for war with China. He also criticizes the doctrine's lack of review by elected civilian officials as well as the cost of the doctrine.[19]
References[edit]
Jump up^ Goldfein, David (8 January 2015). "document: Air Sea Battle Name Change Memo". news.usni.org (Pentagon). Retrieved 20 January 2015.
Jump up^ Krepinevich, Andrew F. (2010). CSBA: Why AirSea Battle? (PDF). Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) - Scenarios.
Jump up^ Stephen Glain, The Pentagon's new China war plan, Salon, August 13, 2011.
Jump up^ U.S. Department of Defense (February 2010). "Quadrennial Defense Review Report". Retrieved 3 October 2012.
Jump up^ Jaffe, Greg (1 August 2012). "U.S. model for a future war fans tensions with China and inside Pentagon". The Washington Post. Retrieved4 November 2014.
Jump up^ Jaffe, Greg (1 August 2012). "U.S. model for a future war fan tensions with China and inside Pentagon". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 October2012.
Jump up^ Tol, Jan Van and Mark Gunzinger, Andrew Krepinevich, and Jim Thomas (April 2010). "AirSea Battle: A Point-of-Departure Operational Concept".CSBA: xv. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
Jump up^ Tol, Jan Van and Mark Gunzinger, Andrew Krepinevich, and Jim Thomas (April 2010). "AirSea Battle: A Point-of-Departure Operational Concept".CSBA: xv. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
Jump up^ O'Hanlon, Michael (18 September 2012). "The Case for a Politically Correct Pentagon". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
Jump up^ O'Hanlon, Michael and James Steinberg (23 August 2012). "Going beyond 'Air-Sea Battle'". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
Jump up^ Slavin, Erik (28 September 2014). "Analysts: Air-Sea Battle concept carries risks in possible conflict with China". www.stripes 。Com (Stars and Stripes). Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up^ Garamone, Jim. "Pentagon Office to Coordinate New Air-Sea Strategy."American Forces Press Service, 10 November 2011.
Jump up^ "Air Sea Battle Under Fire From Congressional Committee."
Jump up^ "The future of amphibious warfare is airborne."
Jump up^ "Resiliency Goes Beyond Hardening."
Jump up^ "Air Force Bolstering Andersen's Survivability."
Jump up^ "Fighting for Access."
Jump up^ Keck, Zachary (20 June 2014). "America’s Air-Sea Battle Plan in Korea". thediplomat 。Com (The Diplomat). Retrieved 29 June 2014.
Jump up^ Etzioni, Amitai. "Who Authorized Preparations for War with China?" Yale Journal of International Affairs, June 2013. [1]
External links[edit]
For Pentagon, Asia Moving to Forefront by Thomas E. Ricks
The New Line in the Pacific by Richard Halloran
AirSea Battle by Richard Halloran
Overview of the Air-Sea Battle Concept from the Air-Sea Battle Office.
Armed Services Committee public hearing on Air-Sea Battle Strategy
Blockading China: A Guide
Employing Land-based Anti-Ship Missiles in the Western Pacific
"Who Authorized Preparations for War with China?" by Amitai Etzioni
The Army's Role in Countering Anti-Access and Area Denial: Support to Air-Sea Battle by Aaron Bazin
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英语学习资料：2015年6月大学英语六级作文范文智能教辅APP是人教社出品的唯一数漏衫字化教辅产品 。我自己孩子就用的智能教辅这个软件，孩子学习提升很明显，而返则腔且学习兴趣也有盯信了很大的提升 。智能教辅APP提供了多种教学工具 。丰富孩子的学习方法 。
Latex中怎么实现引理标号前加入参考文献 2015年6月大学英语六级作文范文
2015年6月六级考试已经结束 ， 不同于上午四级考试的是脊饥笑六级属于话题性作文，给出一句名言，通过举例的方式来进一步论证名言中所包含的哲学道理 。目前在网上看的作文有两个：一个是知识与实践的重要性，另一个是好奇心的重要性 。下面文樱含都教育英语(课程)老师就第一个话题给出参考范文，供同学学习鉴借 。（由于本次考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请同学依据试题进行核对 。）【参考范文】As is known to all, knowledge is power, which can be acquired from lots of sources. we could gain it from books, TV, radio and so on, but we have little chance to undergo in daily life. Thus, the practice is the key to the knowledge. If it is not put into use, knowledge remains theoretical and useless.Take my personal experience for example, l love swimming very much from my childhood, but I have an innate to fear water. So I just learned about so many theoretical swimming skills from the book and television while I never jump into the water to practice. Until my father forced me to proved myself, I realized that the practice is of great importance.Some people are unwilling to attempt to do something, as they are afraid of making a mistake.As a matter of fact, I deem that making errors is the best method to learn.What’s more, if we want to get some new progress, it is essential to go into action. At last, one can put the thoughts and insights obtained through learning books into practical experience, letting an already meaningful experience more practical. Therefore, that is why I’肢源m convinced that knowledge gained from practical experience is more significant than that obtained from reading books.2015年6月的大学英语六级考试考的一篇作文是就知识与实践的关系展开讨论 。根据题目中的谚语 ， 知识与实践是相辅相成的关系，互不可分 。所以大家把这种关系说清楚，并运用例子说明即可 。2015年6月英语六级考试作文题目：知识与实践Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay menting on the saying “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.” You can cite one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 but no more than 200 words.2015年6月大学英语六级考试作文范文：There is a famous saying goes like that “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.” This saying shows the relationship between knowledge and practice vividly.As far as we know, if we don’t have corresponding knowledge of some fields, we cannot do well in the fields. There are innumerable examples to illustrate this point. For instance, a singer can sing well only if he or she possesses musical knowledgea dancer can dance well only if he or she knows how to dancea worker can get the job well-done only if he or she is familiar with the basic principles of the job, and so on. But in turn, if we do not apply what we have known to practice, knowledge cannot play its role. For example, if we have learned different methods of cooking vegetables, but we do not cook, then the different methods of cooking vegetables do not produce value for us.Therefore, if we do not have knowledge, we have nothing to practice, but if we have knowledge without putting it into practice, knowledge is of no avail. So we should acquire as much knowledge and put it into practice.好奇心的重要性在刚刚结束的英语六级作文考试中有这样一道题目 ， 要求对爱因斯坦的一句名言“我没有特殊的才能，但我有充满热情的好奇心”做出评论，并进行举例说明 。可见，这篇作文的主题应围绕好奇心的重要性展开 。文都教育为大家整理了该题的参考范文，供学习 。英语六级考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对 。参考范文The above saying from Einstein vividly echoes a piece of quotation: stay hungrystay foolish, which is put forward by Steven Jobs, the late CEO of Apple Inc. Undoubtedly, both of the two great men attach importance to curiosity. To some extent, we may safely maintain that without curiosity, without success.In the first place, curiosity is the premise of innovation, which can be seen as the key to success. Besides Einstein, a case in point is Steven Jobs, who always keeps curious, devoted to innovation. So, there is no exaggeration to say that the success of Apple Inc doesn’t suppress us at all. In the second place, the quality of being curious provides us with the drive to go forward. To put it another way, where there is curiosity, there is advancement. For example, if a scientist desires to make progress in his research munity, he must hold a curious heartotherwise, his research will eventually go into a corner.In conclusion, it is not too much to say that curiosity plays an indispensable role both in personal and corporate success. So, it is wise for us to bear in mind great men’s sayings concerning curiosity and practice them as much as possible.
如何使用CiteSpace进行中文的文献分析CNKI部分.pdf参数，然后在文献引用处，用cite 命令引用轮唤扮即可 。但这两种方法中上标引用均不链雹出现括号，若腊灶要使用括号，须修改两个宏包中相应的定义 。上述两种方法所启用的宏包，在格式文件中注释掉了 。本文采用的是upcite 命令来实现上标引用，其格式为newcommand{upcite}[1]{textsuperscript{textsuperscript{cite{#1}}}}
本文以品牌体验为研究目标，样本数据源于CNKI数据库，应用于分析的数据是由对CNKI期刊文献的多个方面检索查询结果的组合生成的 。首先，为确保数据的权威性，检索在CSSCI和北大核心期刊范围内进行；其次，采用数据库中的专业检索，主题=（体验 消费者体验 顾客体验）*（品牌），进一步保证检索的准确性；最后，为了查询的广泛性，收集从数据库建库开始截止到检索实施 。以上的查询构造很大程度保证了数据的代表性，得到检索记录893条 。对初步检索数据筛选出不太具有代表性的记录类型，如新闻稿、演讲记录、商业报道等，并进一步删除与主题不相关、记录不全、重复的数据，所得871条记录作为本文研究的原始数据文本，样本分布如图1所示 。
（一）研究机构/作者合作网络分析
CiteSpace使用时间切片技术构建一段时间内的网络模型的时间序列，并将这些单独的网络综合起来形成一个概述网络[6]，以便系统地回顾研究领域概况 。有组织地从事学科研究的机构 ， 是科学文献的主要来源，通过对研究机构的可视化以了解领域内的专业机构分布及学科主要贡献机构 。作者是知识的真正产出者，对学科领域内主要贡献作者的认识是必不可少的，以便快速审查学科历史并追踪学科最新的发展 。CiteSpace中的合作分析功能构建合作共线网络，网络由节点及连线构成 。节点的类型通过节点标签识别 ， 节点的大小表示主体的发文量，一定程度上代表了主体的贡献程度，节点培亮裂之间的连线粗细代表联系强度 。
（二）关键词聚类分析
关键词聚类是研究领域内具有相似研究主题的关键词形成的互相联系的网络集群，各集群的内涵是由各自包含文章中高频使用的标题词来标识[7] 。CiteSpace中 ， 同一个集群的节点使用凸壳覆盖或者仅显示边界线，集群从0开始编号，即集群#0是最大的集群，而集群#1是第二大的，依次递推 。
（三）演进路径和新趋势
一个研究领域的研究计划或范式可以由其知识基础和研究前沿来表现[18] 。从文献计量学的角度来看，引文代表了研键凳究前沿 ， 被引文献形成了知识基础[21] 。由于其开创性的贡献 ， 被引最多的文章通常被视为里程碑[9] 。一个科学领域的集体知识结构可以表示为共同引用参考文献的关联网络 。这种网络随着时间的推移而发展 。新发表的文章可能会引入深刻的结构变化[9] 。基于上述理论基?。疚拇右韵氯趼肪妒侗鹌放铺逖榱煊虻难萁肪杜浔眨旱谝?nbsp;， 分析高被引文献，通过对里程碑文献的梳理，明晰演进路径；第二，通过CiteSpace检测的关键词爆发确立不同时间区间的研究热点，探明学科演进的路径；第三 ， 考查文献的年度网络模块化，对有可能出现创新性年度的文献分析，识别研究演进的路径 。
文献来源：
品牌体验的新趋势研究——基于文献计量视角[J].商业经济研究,2021(02):54-58.
参考文献：
6.Chaomei Chen.Science Mapping: A Systematic Review of the Literature[J].Journal of Data and Information Science,2017,2(2)
7.Chaomei Chen.CiteSpace II:Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature[J].Journal of the American Science and Technology,2006,57(3)
8.李杰,陈超美.CiteSpace:科学文本挖掘及可视化[M].首都经济贸易大学出版社,2016.
9.Chaomei Chen,Zhigang Hu,Shengbo Liu,et al.Emerging trends in regenerative medicine: a scientometric analysis in CiteSpace[J].Expert Opinion Biological Therapy,2012,12(5)
10.范秀成.顾客体验驱动的服务品牌建设[J].南开管理评论,2001(06)
11.朱世平.体验营销及其模型构造[J].商业经济与管理,2003(05)
12.张红明.品牌体验类别及其营销启示[J].商业经济与管理,2003(12)
13.刘建新,孙明贵.顾客体验的形成机理与体验营销[J].财经论丛(浙江财经学院学报),2006(03)
14.吴水龙,刘长琳,卢泰宏.品牌体验对品牌忠诚的影响:品牌社区的中介作用[J].商业经济与管理,2009(07)
15.沙振权,蒋雨薇,温飞.虚拟品牌社区体验对社区成员品牌认同影响的实证研究[J].管理评论,2010,22(12)
16.张洁,赵英,余红.B2C电子商务网站用户体验评价研究[J].情报科学,2013,31(12)
17.黄敏学,廖俊云,周南.社区体验能提升消费者的品牌忠诚吗——不同体验成分的作用与影响机制研究[J].南开管理评论,2015,18(03)
18.康瑾.原生广告的概念、属性与问题[J].现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2015,37(03)
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