科学|科学家发现一只会用英语骂人的鸭子，它这么做是为了求偶( 二 )_声音模仿|科普|科技

另一段录音则录制于 2000 年，来自一只无名雄性麝鸭，它模仿了太平洋黑鸭（Anas superciliosa）的声音，这是澳大利亚常见的另一种鸭子。关于录音的大部分信息已经在火灾中丢失，但可以确定的是，这只麝鸭是在圈养环境下由雌鸭养育的。

另一只麝鸭模仿太平洋黑鸭的叫声。音频来源：ScienceAlert
Carel ten Cate 指出，麝鸭显然具备鸣声学习能力，但它们只有在不寻常的声音环境中才表现出这种能力，因为通常情况下它们会在同类的身边长大。
3
鸟类模仿其他鸟类甚至人造物品的声音，这种行为称为效鸣（mimicry）。例如伯劳会模仿小型鸟类的叫声，让猎物以为这里有同类。鹦鹉和琴鸟也都是著名的“口技大师” 。
那么，鸭子和鹅所属的雁形目中，有没有可能还存在其他具有鸣声学习能力的物种，只是一直没有被发现？Carel ten Cate 认为不排除这种可能。他说，尽管鸭子和鹅都是常见的家禽，却从未被发现具有这种能力，但麝鸭是雁形目中独特的一支，或许可以从它的近亲物种中寻找。不过，麝鸭的分类学地位目前还没有得到充分的研究，所以目前无法判断哪些物种和它亲缘关系较近。
研究论文中介绍，两只麝鸭主要在展示行为中使用这些声音。雄性麝鸭的求偶行为有详细的文献记载。在求偶展示期间，它们昂起头，鼓起喙下方的肉垂，用脚朝各个方向踢起水花，摆动尾巴，同时发出拖长的叫声。如果 Ripper 在求偶过程中喊着“you bloody fool” ，它的雌性同类恐怕也会像人类一样感到惊讶吧。
论文信息
标题Vocal imitations and production learning by Australian musk ducks (Biziura lobata)
作者Carel ten Cate and Peter J. Fullagar
期刊Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
时间06 September 2021
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0243
链接
【科学|科学家发现一只会用英语骂人的鸭子，它这么做是为了求偶】https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2020.0243
摘要Acquiring vocalizations by learning them from other individuals is only known from a limited number of animal groups. For birds, oscine and some suboscine songbirds, parrots and hummingbirds demonstrate this ability. Here, we provide evidence for vocal learning in a member of a basal clade of the avian phylogeny: the Australian musk duck (Biziura lobata). A hand-reared individual imitated a slamming door and a human voice, and a female-reared individual imitated Pacific black duck quacks. These sounds have been described before, but were never analysed in any detail and went so far unnoticed by researchers of vocal learning. The imitations were produced during the males' advertising display. The hand-reared male used at least three different vocalizations in the display context, with each one produced in the same stereotyped and repetitive structure as the normal display sounds. Sounds of different origins could be combined in one vocalization and at least some of the imitations were memorized at an early age, well before they were produced later in life. Together with earlier observations of vocal differences between populations and deviant vocalizations in captive-reared individuals, these observations demonstrate the presence of advanced vocal learning at a level comparable to that of songbirds and parrots. We discuss the rearing conditions that may have given rise to the imitations and suggest that the structure of the duck vocalizations indicates a quite sophisticated and flexible control over the vocal production mechanism. The observations support the hypothesis that vocal learning in birds evolved in several groups independently rather than evolving once with several losses.

科学|科学家发现一只会用英语骂人的鸭子，它这么做是为了求偶( 二 )

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