正如 CBS 预测服务器所预测的 , 前 15 个氨基酸包括一个信号肽 , 预测的切割位点在 Ala -1和 Gln之间1 . 推导出的成熟蛋白的计算分子量为 10 kDa , 因此称为 GAP 10 。
根据激酶特异性磷酸化位点预测软件 , 建议 Ser 40和 Ser 74被蛋白激酶 A 磷酸化 。
图1
未发现 GAP 10 与 GenBank TM数据库中的任何蛋白质或翻译序列相似 。
FIGURE 1Nucleotide sequence of GAP 10 cDNA and deduced amino acids of its open reading frame. The 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions are highlighted in gray. The putative signal peptide in the N terminus is underlined. Arrowhead indicates signal peptide cleavage site. Predicted phosphorylation sites are boxed. Italic letters indicate AAP(A/V) GGX and An consensus sequences. The asterisk indicates a stop codon.
*02
然而 , 它确实包含在节肢动物表皮蛋白和蜘蛛丝中鉴定的两个已知共有序列 , 即AAP(A/V) (残基 25-28)重复的一个副本和富含甘氨酸的 GG X的四个副本(残基 23 –25、32-34、38-40 和 91-93) 重复 , 以及从残基 73 开始的额外的 An 基序 。
表 1给出了推断蛋白质的预测物理化学性质 。 它具有相对较高百分比 (43.5%) 的非极性脂肪族氨基酸 Gly (18.2%)、Ala (15.2%) 和 Val (10.1%) 以及极性但不带电的氨基酸 Asn (8.1%) 和专业版(8.1%) 。
表1
从胃石中提取的含有 GAP 10 的蛋白质部分首先通过等电聚焦分离 , 然后在 SDS-PAGE 上分离 , 显示出几种不同的蛋白质(图2A , 左) 。
发现许多这些蛋白质被磷酸化(图2A , 中)并具有钙结合能力(图2A , 右) 。
图2
为液相色谱-MS 制备磷酸化和钙结合的蛋白质 。 其中两个以~9 和~11 kDa 的表观分子量迁移(图 2 A , 带圆圈) , 被鉴定为 GAP 10(图 2 B) , 它们的 pI 值分别计算为 5 和 5.5 。
FIGURE 2Identification of GAP 10 and characterization of its phosphorylation and calcium-binding properties. A left GAP 10-enriched fraction was separated first by isoelectric focusing and then on SDS-polyacrylamide gel. Molecular weight standard (1st lane) and casein (2nd lane) were added to the SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The gel was stained with Coomassie Blue. Middle staining of the same gel as in A for phosphoproteins. Right transfer of the same fraction as in A to a nitrocellulose membrane and incubation with 45Ca2+. Spots identified as GAP 10 by liquid chromatography-MS are circled. Positive control (PC) is casein (5 μg). B identification of GAP 10 peptides by liquid chromatography-MS. The identified peptides are underlined on the GAP 10 sequence and the related peaks are indicated on the spectrum.
由于 GAP 10 具有弱酸性 pI , 因此在胃石袋的 pH 值约为 8.7 时它带负电(12) 。
*03
蜕皮激素诱导的蜕皮前动物与蜕皮间对照动物的胃石盘的 mRNA 与C. quadricarinatus cDNA 微阵列3的杂交揭示了蜕皮前GAP 10转录物的显着上调(图3A) 。
GAP 10转录物上调了 65 倍 , 平均为 12 倍 , 占本实验中鉴定的上调转录物总数的 12.7% 。
在相同条件下 , 来自相同蜕皮阶段相同动物皮下组织的 mRNA 的杂交显示GAP 10明显下调该组织中的转录本 , 平均为 7 倍 , 包括本实验中鉴定的下调转录本总数的 9.2%(图3B) 。
图3
*04
FIGURE 3Multigenic expression pattern of gastrolith disc (A) and hypodermis (B) in premolt versus intermolt crayfish. Expression scatter plots of all the ESTs were identified as being differentially expressed between the treatment and the control. M log2-fold change of normalized emission intensity between the treatment and the control filtered by |M| >2; mean A log2 of average signal intensity filtered by mean A >9. Cy3 (premolt) and Cy5 (intermolt-control) are normalized microarray signals. Empty diamonds represent all differentially expressed ESTs. Full circles represent GAP 10 ESTs.
通过 RT-PCR(图 4A )和原位杂交(图4B )在蜕皮前小龙虾的多种靶组织中测试了GAP 10的特异性表达和定位 。
两种方法均显示GAP 10的表达在蜕皮前对胃石盘具有特异性 。
图4
FIGURE 4Specific expression of GAP 10 in premolt gastrolith disc as demonstrated by RT-PCR (A) and localization of GAP 10 expression to the columnar epithelium forming the gastrolith by in situ hybridization (B). Total RNA was extracted from the gastrolith disc hypodermis hepatopancreas muscle and sperm duct. Ribosomal 18 S unit was used to confirm RNA extraction. Genomic control with gastrolith disc RNA was used. B 1st lane hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. 2nd lane tissue probed with the negative control sense GAP 10 probe. 3rd lane tissue probed with the GAP 10 antisense probe with the far right image corresponding to an enlargement of a specific area. Ga gastrolith disc; Msc muscle tissue. Scale bar 200 μm except for in the enlarged box where it represents 20 μm.推荐阅读
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